[Tuscan emigration from 1860 to 1914: rhythms and flows]

Area of Science:

• Demography
• Sociology
• Economic History

Context:

• Focuses on permanent outmigration from Italy's Apennine regions, specifically Massa Carrara and Lucca.
• Examines historical population movements from the mid-19th century to World War I.
• Includes analysis of similar patterns in the region's lowlands.

Purpose:

• To analyze the causes and transformation of permanent outmigration from the Apennine regions.
• To distinguish the demographic, sociological, and professional characteristics of these population movements.
• To identify the preferred destinations of migrants during the specified period.

Summary:

• The study details the evolution of outmigration from the Apennine regions, shifting from localized labor exchange (seasonal farmworkers, peddlers) to large-scale movements by the late 20th century.
• It investigates the demographic, sociological, and professional profiles of migrants.
• Identifies key destinations for these population flows between the mid-19th century and World War I.

Impact:

• Provides insights into the historical drivers and patterns of internal migration in Italy.
• Contributes to understanding regional depopulation and its socio-economic factors.
• Offers a historical perspective on labor mobility and destination choices.