Exploring human health risk assessment based on the screening of primary targeted metal and chemical balance simulation of ionic speciation in an industrial area, China

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Toxicology
• Geochemistry

Background:

• Human health risk assessment is crucial for environmental management.
• Classical methods may not fully capture risks associated with metal speciation.
• Industrial sites often pose significant health risks due to heavy metal contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a comprehensive methodology for human health risk assessment integrating major hazard element screening and morphological evolution simulation.
• To evaluate the health risks associated with primary targeted metals (PTMs) based on their chemical speciation.
• To develop and propose an efficient remediation strategy for contaminated sites.

Main Methods:

• Screening of major hazard elements and introduction into chemical balance simulation.
• Simulation of morphological evolution to determine speciation distribution and risk.
• Case study in a dye factory to validate the methodology and proposed remediation.

Main Results:

• Health risk index for children exceeded tolerance values, with chromium (Cr) being a major contributor (61%).
• Chemical balance simulation identified CrO4^2- and CaCrO4 as high-risk species.
• Soil pH significantly influences the speciation of Cr6+ and, consequently, the associated health risk.

Conclusions:

• The proposed methodology provides a more accurate assessment of health risks by considering metal speciation.
• Adjusting soil pH is an effective and rapid remediation strategy to mitigate human health risks.
• This study offers a theoretical foundation for public health protection and site restoration in contaminated industrial areas.