Motorcycle helmet selection and usage for improved safety: A systematic review on the protective effects of helmet type and fastening
1Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Summary
Motorcycle helmet design and correct usage are key to rider safety. Full-face helmets and proper fastening significantly reduce head and facial injuries in crashes.
Area of Science:
- Traumatology
- Road Safety Engineering
- Public Health
Background:
- Motorcycle helmets are crucial for reducing head injuries and fatalities in powered two-wheeler accidents.
- Despite their effectiveness, concerns persist regarding the correct use of helmets for optimal protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review helmet design and usage characteristics that enhance rider safety.
- To provide evidence-based insights for improving end-user helmet utilization.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords related to motorcycles, riders, protective equipment, and injuries.
- 977 papers were screened, with 32 selected for in-depth analysis and group discussion.
Main Results:
- Full-face helmets demonstrated a positive impact on reducing head and facial injuries compared to other helmet types.
- Correct helmet fastening was consistently linked to reduced head and facial injuries and prevention of helmet ejection.
Conclusions:
- Proper helmet fastening is critical to prevent roll-off during motorcycle crashes.
- Full-face helmets offer superior protection, particularly for facial injuries, without negatively impacting neck or spinal safety.