Nano-Neurotheranostics: Impact of Nanoparticles on Neural Dysfunctions and Strategies to Reduce Toxicity for Improved Efficacy

Area of Science:

• Nanotheranostics and nanobiotechnology.
• Applications in diagnosis and therapy.

Background:

• Nanotheranostics involves using nanomaterials for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy.
• Key criteria include biocompatibility, stability, and non-toxicity.
• The nervous system presents unique challenges due to the blood-brain barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review nanotheranostic strategies for nervous system dysfunctions.
• To discuss the challenges and potential of nanocarriers crossing the blood-brain barrier.
• To examine side effects and suggest toxicity testing methods.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of nanotheranostic applications in neuroscience.
• Analysis of nanoparticle interactions with the blood-brain barrier.
• Evaluation of reported side effects and toxicity assessment protocols.

Main Results:

• Biodegradable nanoparticles show potential for crossing the blood-brain barrier.
• Neural pathologies can compromise the blood-brain barrier, facilitating nanoparticle entry.
• Potential risks include side effects on non-neural tissues, necessitating toxicity evaluation.

Conclusions:

• Nanotheranostics holds promise for treating nervous system disorders.
• Overcoming the blood-brain barrier is a critical challenge.
• Preclinical toxicity assessment is essential for safe and effective nanotheranostic development.